Essay on Dementia Alzheimers Disease and Person

Imagine waking up and not knowing the person lying next to you. Imagine waking up and not knowing your own name, your birthday, or you age. Imagine having to look at your family and ask them who they are, or be reminded by flipping through a photo album. Imagine going for an evening stroll and getting lost, even though you are only a block away from your house. Imagine seeing your loved one not remember you. Imagine visiting them as often as you can, and every time having to remind them who you are, and how you affected their life. This is known as a disease call dementia. Dementia disease is very hard for the patient themselves, but often times harder for the family. Alzheimer disease is a form of dementia, and makes daily living very†¦show more content†¦They can walk into traffic or into a nearby river, lake, ocean, or forest. If they are not dressed properly, heat or cold exposure is a risk. Wandering may have no cause. Or the person may be looking for something. Pain, d rug side-effects, stress, restlessness, and anxiety are possible causes. Finding the cause may prevent wandering. There are special programs for at home care that can help return the patient if they happen to wander. It is important for those who choose to live at home use programs like this, to ensure that your loved one will be back at home with you. Catastrophic Reactions are extreme responses. The person reacts as if there is a disaster or tragedy. The person may scream, cry, or be agitated or combative. These reactions are common from too many stimuli. Eating, music or TV playing, and being asked questions all at once can overwhelm the person. Persons with Alzheimer’s have communication problems. At first, it is hard to find the right words. As it progress the person speaks in short sentences or in words. Often speech is not understandable. The person screams to communicate. It is common in persons who are very confused and have poor communication skills. The person may scream a word or a name. Or the person just makes screaming sounds. Possible causes include hearing and vision problems, pain or discomfort, fear and fatigue. Too much or not enough stimulation is another cause. The person may react to a caregiver or family member byShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Between Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease1162 Words   |  5 PagesWhen a lot of people think about dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, they usually use the two interchangeably and think they have to do with memory. It is true that they have to do with memory, but there are major differences between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Misconception s and lack of knowledge can lead to death or injury, which is why initiatives like Healthy People 2020 are so important. 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Dementia is a disease that affects mental capabilities in which memory loss is one of the key features of this disease. Memory loss creates difficulty in completing every day tasks. Most people who suffer from the disease need assistance with their activities of daily living. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60% to 70% of cases of dementia. It is a long lasting neurodegenerative (progressive damage of the neurological nerve cells) disease that usually startsRead More The Three Stages of Alzheimers Essay examples1402 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s is most likely formed by other symptoms called dementia. Dementia is not an actual disease, but has a vast range of symptoms which are precursors to many types of diseases. When dementia is detected in an individual their memory tends to decline and it becomes a hassle to complete everyday duties. 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Key Terms Of The Party System - 1538 Words

Key Terms Two Party System: A two party system is when in a government, two main political parties dominate the politics. In an election, one party is usually referred to as the majority party, where the other is the minority party. Kitchen Cabinet: Andrew Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet was the unofficial group of advisors and friends that made up his cabinet. His real, official cabinet had many members that were personal rivals and fought all the time. Jackson stopped holding meetings with his cabinet because of the frequent disputes, and eventually all of the members resigned or were fired. The press saw his unofficial cabinet members as unprofessional and began calling them his â€Å"Kitchen Cabinet†, because they were mainly just his friends.†¦show more content†¦Black Hawk: Black Hawk was a warrior of the Sauk Indian Tribe and a war leader. The tribe was from what is now the Midwest of the United States. He was another Native American leader who helped his tribe fight against the government during Indian Removal. Osceola: Chief Osceola was a leader of the Seminole that fought back against the U.S. government. He led the first Seminole War from 1817 until 1818. Trail of Tears: The Trail of Tears is known as the rough journey the Cherokee Indians took to the â€Å"Indian Land† they were forced onto. During the journeys of many Indian tribes from east to west of the Mississippi, hundreds of thousands of children and elderly people died from freezing and starvation. The journeys took place anywhere from 1831 to 1839 and at least five major tribes had to go 1000 miles to get to their new promised land. Tariff of Abominations: In 1828 when John Quincy Adams was President, the country’s highest ever tariff, a tax which protected manufacturers from foreign competition, was passed by Congress in which southerners called the Tariff of Abominations. The northern manufacturers were helped by the tariff, but the southerners who sold to and bought from Britain were hurt by it and thought it was unconstitutional. John C. Calhoun: John Calhoun was a southern man who was the Vice President while Jackson was in office. They were originally friends but became enemies

Final Reflection Free Essays

The most important lesson I feel I have learned from this course was in Week 1, when we discussed the value of keeping an open mind and viewing all aspects of a problem or situation from multiple perspectives versus limiting myself to my own perspective. Being able to apply what I have learned about creating strong arguments will make me more confident in writing research and persuasive papers for college. It will also undoubtedly assist me in any future career. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Reflection or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will be more able to confidently defend or argue my points of views and opinions in an unbiased way. This will, in turn, make me an overall better communicator. From the beginning of this course I have applied what I learned to the way I approached life in general and it has allowed me to better understand other people. Since Week 1, I have tried to implement what I learned from the â€Å"This Is Water† video ND I am happy to say it has already started to change my life for the better. Although I have always known it was best to view life In this way, PHI 103 has pushed me to be more aware of my thought processes. There Is a huge different between knowing or understanding something and putting it to practice. My goals are to keep increasing my awareness of other perspectives and to continue being objective upon approaching any argument. How to cite Final Reflection, Papers

Atrial Fibrillation and Asthma

Question: Discuss about theAtrial Fibrillation and Asthma. Answer: Introduction There have been several cases of patients initially diagnosed with asthma developing atrial fibrillation disease. However, the connection between the two conditions has not been established. The two conditions have however posed risks of other cardiac infections on the patients. Medical practitioners have however tried to link the two in relation to other individual characteristics of the patients. This paper explores the pathophysiology, care and treatment of the atrial fibrillation condition of Mr. Jones. Cardiprin consists of aspirin and glycine. DeMarco, et al (2014) explains that aspirin is considered the active component of this drug. The generic name of aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).it belongs to a group of drugs known as analgesics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatories and platelet aggregation inhibitors. The mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1), which is the main enzyme involved in the metabolism of arachidonic, a precursor in the prostaglandins synthesis. Prostaglandins are important mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammation, fever, and pain. The platelet aggregation inhibition is achieved by the suppression of thromboxane A2. Thromboxane is produced in the same pathway as prostaglandins. Thromboxane A2 is responsible for platelet aggregation, and consequent coagulation. Mr. Jones has been diagnosed with atrial fibrillations. In this condition, an individual experiences a very fast heart rate. Prystowsky, Padanilam, and Fogel, (2015) explains that in pathological conditions where there is coagulation due to thrombosis in the blood vessels, the heart is overworked in an attempt to pump blood. Platelet aggregation leads to the formation of clots within the blood stream which clogs the blood vessels and consequently increases the heart rate which precipitates into arrhythmia. Hypertension he has may be as a result of the high resistance in peripheral vessels resulting from platelet aggregation. This medication is fashioned to reduce the fibrillation and hypertension. Additionally, it reduces the risk of myocardial infarction. Although it is important as a drug of choice, it has some side effects which should be considered in the course of treatment. There may be some effects in the gastrointestinaltract. Itmay cause vomiting, epigastric pain, and diarrhea. Most importantly it may cause corrosion and ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract. A prolonged use of the drug is associated with dizziness, headaches, and tinnitus. It is sometimes associated with allergic reactions such as skin rash, bronchospasm, and aspirin triad. Bronchospasm may he severe due to asthma hehas. Asa nurse care should be taken to ensure that Mr. Jones is not having portal hypertension, vitamin K deficiency or glucose 6 phosphate deficiencies. These conditions are contraindicated with aspirin administration (Chan,et al 2014). Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation Atrial fibrillation is an unusually a very rapid heart rate. Atrial fibrillation happens when the upper assemblies of the heart, or atria, fibrillate. This implies they beat quickly and sporadically. Blood is not pumped productively to whatever is left of the body which may make you feel feeble or tired, or to encounter awkward heart sensations like a hustling or unpredictable pulse. Millar, et al (2016) in an attempt to describe the causes and symptoms of this condition, it is important to point out that people have theorized the disease to be having a genetic cause. Scientists argue that from the 29 genes associated with asthma, one is likely to cause AF. It has however remained difficult to establish the main cause since it also affects people who dont have asthma as well. Major symptoms include heart palpitations, exhaustion, and shortness of breath The diagnosis and treatment of AF may be done through several mechanisms such as; electrocardiogram, holter monitor, event recorder, stress test and use of long term monitoring devices. Mechanisms involved in the treatment of AF include; control and monitoring of the heart rate, anticoagulation therapies and cardioversion which involves delivering an electric shock. Implantation of defibrillators and surgery is important for certain stages of the infection like that of Mr. Jones. In conclusion, there are several risk factors that are likely to make the condition worsen in individuals who are suffering from AF. These include; high cholesterol in the blood, hypertension which Mr. Jones is currently suffering from, obesity, drug and substance abuse, some medications and lack of exercise. Treating atrial fibrillation is very important in the sense that individuals suffering from this condition are likely to suffer a stroke and myocardial infarction. The reason why this drug was administered to Mr. Jones is because it is used to treat frequently occurring ventricular fibrillation in patients which is related to Mr. Jones. This medicine can be administered for very long periods if needed (Lund, L. H. 2016)The reason behind its support is because it is mostly used to heal very serious illness and long term one ones. It is used to patients of high risk of cardiac deaths(Lochnan, H. A. 2014). Taking the health conditions of Jones, it is a long term illness the causes coming from the parents hence this drug effective at this point. Reddel, et al (2017) one of its benefit is that it is used to cure patients who used other medicines that didnt work at all. As soon as it is administered it starts working right away(Ciesek, S. 2014). The medicine is in solution and can be given orally.This medicine has its own side effects like the other medicines. This side effects include fever, Nausea and Hypertension (Chen, 2015). The other effects related to this is serious heart arrest, heart failure, also abnormality in liver functions, kidney failure, diarrhea and many more. Certain precautions should be made by the nurse in charge. One precaution is to clearly follow the dosage because failure to follow can cause effects like dizziness and fainting (Mc Adam, 2016). The doctor or nurse should be in direct contact with the patient because as this medicine is in use there are many symptoms that come with it and if they become more the patient Mr. Jones should see the nurse directly with immediate effect. January, et al (2014) explains that dabigatran and warfarin are anticoagulation agents. Anticoagulation agents work through three mechanisms they include: fibrinolytic agent, anticoagulation agents, and antiplatelet agents. Fibrinolytic agents work by degrading fibrin, an important protein in the coagulation process. It works by eliminating the clot. Anticoagulants inhibit clot formation thereby preventing progression of thrombosis. Antiplatelet drugs interfere with platelets adhesion or aggregation. This prevents the initial clot formation. Warfarin acts by inhibiting vitamin K synthesis. This leads to the inhibition of vitamin k dependent clotting factors. The anticoagulation effect occurs within twenty-four hours after administration of warfarin. The peak coagulation effect may be attained in twenty-fourhours. Ithas a very high protein binding hence very long halflife. Ithas a terminal half-life of one week. Its elimination depends on metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. There is very little eliminated in the urine Dabigatran acts by inhibiting thrombin. Thrombin is involved in the conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen. This prevents a development of athrombus. Itis an orally administered drug with the same efficacy almost the same as warfarin. Contrary to warfarin a correct dose does not need to be determined for each individual. And it does not need to be changed from time to time. Warfarin requires blood tests to be made frequently in order to change the doses as it happens. Dabigatran is mainly eliminated ion the kidneys. A kidney disease is likely to cause intoxication due to accumulation (Alonso,et al 2015) I would advise Mr. Jones to consider warfarin. Dabigatran is equally potent as warfarin and more advantageous as it does not require constant testing of the blood. However, Care should be taken since it is no possible to monitor its effect and its effects cannot be reversed as easily as warfarin. Bleeding disorders can be reversed in warfarin administration by administering vitamin K. Dabigatran also requires an acid medium for absorption. Aspirin which is also administered reduces acidity and thus may reduce its bioavailability and consequently the potency. Warfarin would be the best drug ofchoice. Itshould be ensured that he does not have a liver disease. According to Valdes and Lochnan, (2014) salbutamol inhaler is a drug prescribed for asthmatic patients. It is commonly referred to as a bronchodilator medicine since its mode of action is to relieve and to dilate the airways. This serves to helm asthmatic patients like Mr. Jones whose air passages constrict. The inhaler takes a few minutes and its effect lasts for several hours. The salbutamol inhaler is designed to relieve breathlessness. It however does not prevent breathlessness. Agarwal, et al (2016) salbutamol inhaler may cause challenges to Mr. Jones due to the fact that he has an irregular heartbeart, he is also likely to suffer from allergic reactions due to the use of dabigatrin and cardiprin. He is also having hypertension which may predispose him to other adverse effects. Jones ought to press the inhaler and breathe in the spray that is elicited. He is supposed to breath into the salbutamol inhaler about 3-5 times and then wait for a few minutes. If the inhaler does not work within minutes, he is supposed to seek help from a medical officer. Jones is also supposed to carry his inhaler every place where he goes to. It is highly recommended of him that he avoids smoking and associated behavior since it increases the risks of adverse effects. Some of the major side effects include headaches, shivering, nervous tension and muscle cramps especially since he has heart conditions. if the symptoms and side effects persist, he should seek medical attention as soon as possible. He is supposed to store his inhaler in a cool and dry place that is away from direct sunlight. It should however be near him always so that he may access it any time he needs it. If the inhaler does not seem to work properly even after using it for the maximum number of times, he should seek medical attention too. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to recommend that Jones needs to be advised to avoid the risky behaviors that may predispose him to the infections. These may include behaviors such as drug abuse and lack of exercise. He is also required to visit the doctor regularly as a routine health practice and as a precaution that will prevent further worsening of his condition. References Agarwal, R., Khan, A., Aggarwal, A. N., Gupta, D. (2016). Is the SMART approach better than other treatment approaches for prevention of asthma exacerbations? A meta-analysis.Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease,71(4). Alonso, A., MacLehose, R. F., Lutsey, P. L., Konety, S., Chen, L. Y. (2015). Association of amiodarone use with acute pancreatitis in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nested case-control study.JAMA internal medicine,175(3), 449-450. Chan, W. L., Yang, K. P., Chao, T. F., Huang, C. C., Huang, P. H., Chen, Y. C., ... Leu, H. B. (2014). The association of asthma and atrial fibrillationA nationwide population-based nested casecontrol study.International journal of cardiology,176(2), 464-469. Cooper, L. B., Mentz, R. J., Edwards, L. B., Wilk, A., Rogers, J. G., Patel, C. B., ... Lund, L. H. (2016). Implications of amiodarone use before heart transplantation.The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation,35(4), S63. DeMarco, V. G., Aroor, A. R., Sowers, J. R. (2014). The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,10(6), 364-376.. Gehring, G., Rohrmann, K., Atenchong, N., Mittler, E., Becker, S., Dahlmann, F.,...Ciesek, S. (2014). The clinically approved drugs amiodarone, dronedarone and verapamil inhibit filovirus cell entry.Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,69(8), 2123-2131. January, C. T., Wann, L. S., Alpert, J. S., Calkins, H., Cigarroa, J. E., Cleveland, J. C., ... Murray, K. T. (2014). 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation.Circulation,130(23), e199-e267. Kearney, M., Fay, M., Fitzmaurice, D. A. (2016). Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: we can do better. Millar, K., McInerney, A., Hussein, H., McAdam, B. (2016). 13 Audit of thyroid and liver function testing in patients with heart failure on chronic amiodarone therapyare we testing appropriately?Heart,102(Suppl 9), A8-A8. Prystowsky, E. N., Padanilam, B. J., Fogel, R. I. (2015). Treatment of atrial fibrillation.Jama,314(3), 278-288. Reddel, H. K., Busse, W. W., Pedersen, S., Tan, W. C., Chen, Y. Z., Jorup, C., ... O'Byrne, P. M. (2017). Should recommendations about starting inhaled corticosteroid treatment for mild asthma be based on symptom frequency: a post-hoc efficacy analysis of the START study.The Lancet,389(10065), 157-166 Valdes, M. A., Lochnan, H. A. (2014). Amiodarone Induced Hyperthyroidism in a Previously Hypothyroid Patient. InNon-Neoplastic Thyroid Disorders-Clinical and Case Reports(pp. MON-0500). Endocrine Society. van Oosten, E. M., Hamilton, A., Petsikas, D., Payne, D., Redfearn, D. P., Zhang, S., ... Baranchuk, A. (2014). Effect of preoperative obstructive sleep apnea on the frequency of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.The American journal of cardiology,113(6), 919-923.